Painting for Beginners, Best Mediums

What are the Different Painting Mediums?
In our modern world, surrounded by constant distractions, bad news, angry opinions, and an overwhelming sense of general anxiety, one of the greatest and most rewarding hobbies is painting. There are dozens of incredible benefits to painting, including a reduction of stress, increase in brain activity, and the joy of satisfaction. Painting tickles the brain in all of the best ways. But when dealing with painting for beginners, what is the best medium?

There are three big choices in front of you when you decide you want to start painting.
Oil
Acrylic

Watercolor
Besides these, there are others that branch off into different, more specific directions. Among them is gouache, tempera, casein, and pastels. There are also practices with these different mediums that can range from spray-paint or airbrush to mixed media projects. This article will not be delving into those subjects. Just know that if the three mediums we discuss don’t exactly pique your interest, there are other options.

What To Consider
We’re considering three things when looking at these mediums and what we think is the best painting medium for beginners.
Ease of Use
Resulting Artwork
Costs and Materials

These three aspects help you make an informed decision when it comes time to visit the local art store or make your online purchase. Keep in mind that there are many art-related YouTube channels (including my own) that can help you get a better idea of what the medium will be like to work with.

The Mediums
Oil Painting for Beginners
Oil paint is my personal favorite. That may be because I made a concerted effort to learn it and make it my main medium of choice. I feel very comfortable with it right now and I do love the way it looks when it is finished. Let’s go over it more closely.

Ease of Use
Oil paint might be considered by some to be the trickiest of the three options here. That can often come down to preferences in drying times. While oil paint doesn’t technically dry, but “sets”, it is still important to consider how long it can take to work with one painting. Many of the paints you will purchase from the art store will take a few to several days to set completely and experts even recommend waiting an entire six months before varnishing an oil painting, due to the duration you need for oil to set properly.

However, with slower drying times comes more flexibility. If you make a mistake with oil or want to change some aspect of your painting, it is easier to accomplish when the paint is still wet. This is much easier with oil than acrylic or watercolor which are less forgiving in this way. You can almost think like oil paint as “charcoal” compared to acrylic’s “pencil” or watercolor’s “ink”. It will give you greater freedom to move it around and make the changes or fixes you need to.

There are many ways to alter the use of oil medium by introducing additional oils or solvents. You can make the paint thicker or more prone to drying fast. You can make it easier to spread thinly or simpler to manipulate in flat strokes. The paint can have a semi-opaque quality depending on the pigments of some colors, which can help you layer “glazes”, bringing rich color in a way similar to watercolor painting. It is worth noting that water is not used as a lubricant or solvent, as it will not mix well with the oil. You should only use it when cleaning the brush at the end of your process.

A Couple of Brief, But Important Notes
All of these techniques take time and practice to acquire. While it is silly to say that oil paint is simple to work with in its most advanced forms, you can work straight from the tube with some stiff or semi-stiff brushes and achieve wonderful results. You can also use a palette knife to paint and get great textures. Oil paint is simple to use, at its heart, with plenty of room to move further into complexity and difficulty.

The last important thing to mention is how easily oil paint blends. This is a double-edged sword. Many beginning oil painters have difficulty because they use too much oil paint all at once, ending up with muddy colors. It is better to start with less paint and then work towards using more over time. This will also help you stick to the general “fat over lean” oil painting technique. This is important to reduce cracking of the paint layers. It dictates that you start with thin layers of paint then increase the amount of oil in your paint as you add layers to the canvas.

Resulting Artwork
Oil paintings are often regarded as being the most well-received and admired works in the art world. While many of the most renowned artists and movements utilized oil as a medium and many of the most expensive art sold was made with oil paint, it might be overstating the importance of the medium to put it above the crowd for these reasons.

Oil paint can maintain its vibrancy and have great color depth when handled properly. The resulting paintings have a wide amount of variety depending on the artist’s methods. However, it is usually a bit easier to recognize an oil painting based on the way the paint sits in its layers. There can be a bit of blending, both through mixture and through the effects of transparent pigments layered over opaque pigments. There is often a sense of smoothly textured strokes of paint that still maintain a certain amount of mass.

The techniques of oil painters often differ from those of watercolor and acrylic painters. There is a stylistic quality to oil paint that you may often recognize.

Since oil paint is easily blended, it can be hard for beginning artists to get the results they want. Sometimes paintings end up muddy-looking or blander than hoped for. Just being patient and working slowly is a great way to start. You can always increase your efficiency and speed over time.

Costs and Materials
Oil painting can be an expensive hobby. Many of the costs come down to the main materials you will be using – paint, brushes, and surfaces. The paint itself is more expensive than acrylics, but comparable to watercolor (though this can vary significantly from brand to brand). Brushes can be hard to maintain for beginners, so they can be an added expense (and good brushes aren’t exactly cheap). To prolong the life of your brushes, just try to clean them regularly. You can also rest them in walnut oil, which will make the paint easier to remove and keep your brushes nice and silky.

Most oil painters will use either canvas or wood panel as their ground, or working surface. This usually comes at a higher cost than a pad of watercolor paper, though – again – products vary by quality. You can easily get a pad of canvas paper. This won’t be that useful for hanging your art, but it is great for practicing your craft.

Then there are intangibles, such as a palette knife, paper towels, oil medium, solvent, and an easel, among other things. These have varying degrees of importance and you can use or introduce them as you need to or want to.

Acrylic Painting for Beginners
Most people start painting with acrylic paint. Not only is it easy to get a hold of, but it is also generally easy to work with. It is used in classrooms and elementary schools, as well as learning studios. It is usually pretty simple to set up and clean up. Let’s dive in a bit.

Ease of Use
Beginners will find acrylic paint very easy to try out and get the hang of. Acrylic paint is essentially large color pigments bound by a polymer. Through mixing and layering paint, artists will be able to create works very quickly, without much fear of accidentally blending their layers. The paint dries very quickly, which means that it loses some of its flexibility, but gains a straightforward application method.

Many beginners will see this medium as a good jumping on point because it is so easily related to other artistic implements that we are used to from a young age. The immediacy of colored pencils, markers, and crayons is easily reflected in acrylic paint. The main downside to this is the fact that you might have to work quickly, as the paint will dry on your palette. There are mediums that you can introduce to your mix which will help to keep the paint wet longer.

Acrylic paint is generally easy to spread on your surface, having a creamy quality. It can dry the brush pretty easily and quickly, so it is best to have some water and cloth or paper towels nearby to keep your brush clean. Little bits of dried or tacky paint can ball up and get into your fresh paint, otherwise.

Resulting Artwork
Many artists like the way acrylic paint looks when it has dried, but some do find it too dull or too glossy. This will depend on the quality of paint you are using. The lower priced paint can dry at different shades than you are seeing when you paint, which can be frustrating. It can also have coverage issues, where it does not spread nice and opaque. Mixing a little bit of titanium white or some other opaquer paint might help.

Acrylic paint is great for working on various surfaces and is often used in mixed media. It doesn’t have the same corrosive qualities of oil paint, so there is no fear of damage over time. It also doesn’t absorb into surfaces the way watercolor can, so it is a more exact medium. This can free you up to create a wide variety of unique works and end up with a myriad of results.

To get the best results from your acrylic painting, you might consider varnishing. This brings out the colors and values much more and usually results in a more vibrant painting. It also protects the painting from dust and damage. Before applying a varnish, it is important to let the painting dry for at least 24 hours. Then an isolation coat should be added to prevent the varnish from sticking permanently to the paint. Wait another 24 hours, then add the varnish of your choice, being careful not to use too much.

Costs and Materials
Acrylic Paint is the least expensive of these options and is pretty easy to get ahold of. Of course, most acrylic paint that you will find in general stores is pretty cheap and of low quality. You can find higher quality acrylic paint online and at specialty art stores. Even still, it is relatively inexpensive and easy to get.

Notably, acrylic paint is best used with a plastic or glass palette. Wood palettes have too much absorbency, and most acrylic painters who have tried them end up frustrated. This is usually pretty cost-effective. You don’t tend to need a huge palette when starting out. It is best to use small amounts of paint to help conserve your supply and prevent it from drying.

The best brushes for acrylic paint have a spring to them and are able to hold up to repeated use. This is why most acrylic painters use synthetic brushes, which also cost less and are easier to clean. Having a variety of sizes and shapes can be helpful. As a beginner, it’s best to keep things simple going in, though, and just make sure you have a couple of flats, filberts, and rounds, in a few sizes.

Watercolor Painting for Beginners
A hugely popular medium, watercolor does many unique things that are more difficult to achieve with oil or acrylic. It is versatile to work with and can be used in many styles. Simplicity of function works together with depth of complexity to make a really interesting painting medium.

Ease of Use
Watercolor paint is a relatively simple medium. By wetting the paint, an artist can easily start to experiment with its potential. Using either paint pots or tubes, the artist thins the paint to a desired consistency. The paint applies to paper, which thirstily takes in the pigments. It is better to work light to dark with watercolor, though there are many methods and successful approaches.

In fact, it is this versatility that might be the biggest selling point for watercolor. There is a huge space for experimentation and use of a wide variety of tools and techniques. Watercolor also boasts a large selection of different implementations, such as watercolor pencils and sticks. Some artists also complement their watercolor paintings with ink or gouache.

All a watercolor artist needs to start is some paint, some watercolor paper, and water in at least one jar. The water thins the paint, making it easy to manipulate and achieve desired results. It can be challenging to regulate the use of water and to control blending of pigments. With practice, this becomes second nature.

Resulting Artwork
Much like the medium itself, the resulting works show a wide variety of results. Watercolor is often very easy to recognize, though the styles and arrays of work can have vast differences. Because watercolor applies on paper, the end painting is often matte in finish. This is nice because glare on artwork is distracting.

There is a sense in which watercolor art is “soft” probably because it has a lot of natural gradations. The water disperses the pigments around the paper, creating areas of differing values. There are ways in which an artist may achieve higher levels of contrast and crisper effects. However, watercolor generally has a soft glow to it.

The best paints do result in wider ranges of vibrancy, so that the painting doesn’t lose its color to the effect of the water. This is a good thing because, contrary to oil and acrylic, layers of watercolor are thin. The pigments do not build up in the same way. Thoughtful artists achieve mixtures of colors through this application of thinly layered pigment.

Watercolor artwork often looks humble beside its oil and acrylic siblings. This is part of its charm, though, and is a primary reason why artists love it. It is less forgiving than its counterparts, requiring artists to be aware of what they are doing and to treat the medium differently. There is often an almost “sketchy” and lively look to watercolor art that is difficult to replicate with the other mediums.

Costs and Materials
As always, the best materials are going to be the most expensive and give you your best experience with the medium. The pigment won’t fade in the sun as quickly and the spread throughout the paper will feel smoother and satisfying. So, the overall cost may vary based on what you are hoping to achieve. Costs are comparable to oil paint, though watercolor medium tends to be used at a slower rate.

Instead of canvas, you’ll be looking for watercolor paper to work with. There is cold-pressed and hot-pressed paper. Cold press is more textured, whereas hot press is smoother. You will want to tape down the paper or use a watercolor pad with paper that is already taped around its edges. These pads of pre-bound paper are on the expensive side, though they are nice to work with.

As usual, you will find general-grade, student grade, and professional grade materials. The big differences here are affordability and quality. If you are just beginning, you might want to skip the general-grade stuff and go to student grade. It will make your experience more enjoyable.

Also remember that watercolor brushes are nice and soft, ready to soak up water and paint. They are not good for other mediums, besides gouache or other “watercolor adjacent” mediums. The cheapest versions usually wash away the hairs which can be very frustrating. So be sure to consider investing in some better materials if you want to give the medium a fair shake.

Five Principles to Level Up Your Painting Skills
I wanted to take a slightly different approach to today’s blog and upload a video, instead. I’ll probably be doing some of these from time to time. It’s just a different way of communicating that is sometimes more direct and easier for me to make. Writing can be really hard! Rambling, however – easy.

Cleaning Brushes of Oil Paint Easily and Correctly
Oil Pain in the Neck
There is nothing quite like a new paintbrush. The bristles are springy and ready to apply paint to ground in magical ways. There’s also nothing quite like going broke from constantly buying new brushes because your old ones got caked in dried paint. It’s much less magical.

When we’ve finished a painting session, it can be really easy to slide into “relax mode” and put off cleaning brushes. Oil paint, in particular, is a bit of a tough customer. As we all know, oil and water don’t mix, which means it won’t be as easy to get that paint out of those bristles as it might be with acrylic, watercolor, or gouache.

And yet, we love oil paint. We thrive on it. So, what do we do when our brushes get consistently bent out of shape from neglect? Well, we would love to have an easy time restoring them, but if things have gone too far, we’re up a creek without a paddle.

If your brushes have become solid oil rocks, there’s really not much you can do. I’ve seen articles and forums that suggest soaking them in vinegar or solvent for hours and days, but at that point, it might not be worth the effort, as your brushes may not be usable by the end of the process. I’m speaking from experience.

With dirty brushes, you end up losing money over the long-term. New brushes aren’t exactly inexpensive, especially if you’re buying decent quality or larger sizes. So, whether you’re already in a predicament or you’re just doing some research to understand how to clean your brushes correctly, I will explain a good process and practice for extending the life of your brushes.

Cleaning Brushes Immediately
Seems simple. I won’t even harp on this one too much because it is probably the most obvious statement. However, if ignored, the whole process becomes so much more difficult.

Anything we do regularly and with discipline can eventually become a habit, so I would just recommend that you try to schedule the time into your practice to clean your brushes. It might be easier if you think of it as part of the process of painting.

I will also add, before we get into the practical cleaning advice, that you don’t want to overload your brush with paint while working. There are different techniques to painting, but most still don’t call for paint to be at the deepest depth of your bristles.

Gently Remove Excess Paint
The first thing you want to do when cleaning brushes is to remove excess paint. To do this, you will need either paper towels or a newsprint. Rags can also be used, but it is important to understand that oily rags can be dangerous, becoming easily flammable in high heat.

Place the bristle end of the brush in the towel and pinch the bristles with your fingers from the outside. Then begin to pull the brush through, repeatedly. You will have to shift to clean areas of the paper towel, as the pigments will rub off on the paper. If the brush still is not clean by the time you have used the entire paper towel, you may need to get a second one.

You want to get to a point where the brush is not transferring any significant amount of residue to the paper towel. At that point, you can move on to the next step.

Use a Cleaner
Safflower oil or special soaps made of oils can be very helpful for loosening the pigments from your brushes. There are specific brush soaps on the market that can significantly help with the cleaning and conditioning of your brushes. I really like the Master’s Brush Cleaner and Preserver and find that it works wonders for my bristles. It works like shaving soap, where you add a little water, rub the brush into it, and work it into a lather. Then you can use your hand under running water to remove the rest of the pigments from your brush. Remember that at this point there shouldn’t be a whole bunch of paint on your brush, so it’s not going to be an extremely messy process. You are just removing those last amounts of pigment from the bristles.

If you don’t have the specific cleaner I mentioned above, you can still do a similar process using regular hand soap or even dish soap. You can place a little bit of soap into your hand, add water, and work the brush through your fingers, using the soap and lather to free up the pigment, then run it under warm water.

Many people do not like the idea of pigments or oils being worked by their hands, directly, and will use gloves as a protective barrier against them. While most pigments these days are safe to work with, this is a safer method for cleaning brushes.

Dry Those Brushes
Cleaning brushes is pretty easy, right? Now, we just dry them. You can use a clean towel or rag to dry the bristles, gently removing any leftover wetness. The bristles will most likely retain some amount of moisture and remain damp for a little while, so let them sit and dry until they are ready to be used again. If you try to paint with a damp brush, you’ll have a difficult time with the oil paint.

If, while drying, you notice that the pigment is coming off onto the towel, you will want to repeat the cleaning process, because you didn’t get the brush clean enough. Any amount of leftover paint can create problems in the future, so you want to be sure to clean thoroughly.

Do I Need to Use Solvent?
Solvent is a highly hazardous liquid that eats away at organic materials, such as oil. It is often used by oil painters to adjust the ratio of oil-to-pigment in their paints and can also be used to clean paint from bristles. Many people might use it when cleaning brushes when they don’t need to. It is of utmost importance that you understand the risks and proper handling of solvent before you ever use it.

You can never dispose of solvent into your drains or plumbing, nor can it be disposed of in the garbage. It can also not be poured out into the ground or water. All attempts to dispose of solvent in any of these ways is terrible for our environment and also illegal. Cities, counties, and states should have some way in which you can legally throw out solvent.

If you use solvent at all, it should always be in a highly ventilated area, as it has fumes and can harm you. Solvent will evaporate over time. If it does so, it is safe to dispose of the dry remnants left behind.

Now, do you need to use solvent? The short answer is no. There are alternatives that can work just as well, mentioned above. Solvent can be used to dissolve the paint from your bristles, much like water can be used with acrylic paint. It can make quick work of it. However, in my experience, solvent can also be very hard on the life of your brushes, too. You might find that your bristles aren’t exactly what they used to be if you use solvent often in cleaning brushes.